Minor updates for new libWiiPy changes

.github/workflows/python-build.yaml

@@ -118,5 +118,10 @@ jobs:
     - name: Upload Application
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
-        path: D:\a\WiiPy\WiiPy\wiipy.exe
+        path: D:\a\WiiPy\WiiPy\WiiPy.dist
         name: WiiPy-Windows-bin
+    - name: Upload Onefile Application
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        path: D:\a\WiiPy\WiiPy\wiipy.exe
+        name: WiiPy-Windows-onefile-bin

commands/archive/lz77.py

@@ -7,7 +7,20 @@ from modules.core import fatal_error
 
 
 def handle_lz77_compress(args):
-    print("Compression is not implemented yet.")
+    input_path = pathlib.Path(args.input)
+    if args.output is not None:
+        output_path = pathlib.Path(args.output)
+    else:
+        output_path = pathlib.Path(input_path.name + ".lz77")
+
+    if not input_path.exists():
+        fatal_error(f"The specified file \"{input_path}\" does not exist!")
+
+    lz77_data = input_path.read_bytes()
+    data = libWiiPy.archive.compress_lz77(lz77_data)
+    output_path.write_bytes(data)
+
+    print("LZ77 file compressed!")
 
 
 def handle_lz77_decompress(args):

commands/nand/emunand.py

@@ -78,7 +78,8 @@ def handle_emunand_info(args):
         else:
             print(f"  IOS{int(ios[-2:], 16)} ({ios.upper()})")
             tmd = emunand.get_title_tmd(ios)
-            print(f"    Version: {tmd.title_version} ({tmd.title_version_converted})")
+            print(f"    Version: {tmd.title_version} "
+                  f"({libWiiPy.title.title_ver_dec_to_standard(tmd.title_version, tmd.title_id, bool(tmd.vwii))})")
     print("")
 
     print(f"Installed Titles:")
@@ -180,8 +181,13 @@ def handle_emunand_install_missing(args):
     print(f"\nAll missing IOSes have been installed!")
 
 
+def _emunand_logger(log):
+    print(log)
+
+
 def handle_emunand_title(args):
-    emunand = libWiiPy.nand.EmuNAND(args.emunand)
+    logger = _emunand_logger if args.verbose else lambda _: None
+    emunand = libWiiPy.nand.EmuNAND(args.emunand, logger)
     if args.skip_hash:
         skip_hash = True
     else:

commands/title/info.py

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 import binascii
 import pathlib
 import re
+
 import libWiiPy
+
 from modules.core import fatal_error
 
 
@@ -22,11 +24,12 @@ def _print_tmd_info(tmd: libWiiPy.title.TMD, signing_cert=None):
     else:
         print(f"  Title ID: {tmd.title_id.upper()}")
     # This type of version number really only applies to the System Menu and IOS.
+    title_version_converted = libWiiPy.title.title_ver_dec_to_standard(tmd.title_version, tmd.title_id, bool(tmd.vwii))
     if tmd.title_id.startswith("00000001"):
         if tmd.title_id == "0000000100000001":
             print(f"  Title Version: {tmd.title_version} (boot2v{tmd.title_version})")
         else:
-            print(f"  Title Version: {tmd.title_version} ({tmd.title_version_converted})")
+            print(f"  Title Version: {tmd.title_version} ({title_version_converted})")
     else:
         print(f"  Title Version: {tmd.title_version}")
     print(f"  TMD Version: {tmd.tmd_version}")
@@ -43,13 +46,16 @@ def _print_tmd_info(tmd: libWiiPy.title.TMD, signing_cert=None):
     elif tmd.signature_issuer.find("CP00000007") != -1:
         print(f"  Certificate: CP00000007 (Development)")
         print(f"  Certificate Issuer: Root-CA00000002 (Development)")
+    elif tmd.signature_issuer.find("CP00000005") != -1:
+        print(f"  Certificate: CP00000005 (Development/Unknown)")
+        print(f"  Certificate Issuer: Root-CA00000002 (Development)")
     elif tmd.signature_issuer.find("CP10000000") != -1:
         print(f"  Certificate: CP10000000 (Arcade)")
         print(f"  Certificate Issuer: Root-CA10000000 (Arcade)")
     else:
         print(f"  Certificate Info: {tmd.signature_issuer} (Unknown)")
     if tmd.title_id == "0000000100000002":
-        match tmd.title_version_converted[-1:]:
+        match title_version_converted[-1:]:
             case "U":
                 region = "USA"
             case "E":
@@ -67,23 +73,22 @@ def _print_tmd_info(tmd: libWiiPy.title.TMD, signing_cert=None):
     print(f"  Region: {region}")
     print(f"  Title Type: {tmd.get_title_type()}")
     print(f"  vWii Title: {bool(tmd.vwii)}")
-    print(f"  DVD Video Access: {tmd.get_access_right(tmd.AccessFlags.DVD_VIDEO)}")
-    print(f"  AHB Access: {tmd.get_access_right(tmd.AccessFlags.AHB)}")
+    print(f"  DVD Video Access: {tmd.get_access_right(libWiiPy.title.AccessFlags.DVD_VIDEO)}")
+    print(f"  AHB Access: {tmd.get_access_right(libWiiPy.title.AccessFlags.AHB)}")
     if signing_cert is not None:
         try:
-            signed = libWiiPy.title.verify_tmd_sig(signing_cert, tmd)
-            if signed:
-                signing_str = "Valid (Unmodified)"
+            if libWiiPy.title.verify_tmd_sig(signing_cert, tmd):
+                signing_str = "Valid (Unmodified TMD)"
             elif tmd.get_is_fakesigned():
                 signing_str = "Fakesigned"
             else:
-                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified)"
+                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified TMD)"
         except ValueError:
             if tmd.get_is_fakesigned():
                 signing_str = "Fakesigned"
             else:
-                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified)"
-        print(f"  Signing Status: {signing_str}")
+                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified TMD)"
+        print(f"  Signature: {signing_str}")
     else:
         print(f"  Fakesigned: {tmd.get_is_fakesigned()}")
     # Iterate over the content and print their details.
@@ -103,22 +108,23 @@ def _print_ticket_info(ticket: libWiiPy.title.Ticket, signing_cert=None):
     # Get all important keys from the TMD and print them out nicely.
     print(f"Ticket Info")
     ascii_tid = ""
+    decoded_tid = binascii.hexlify(ticket.title_id).decode()
     try:
-        ascii_tid = str(bytes.fromhex(ticket.title_id.decode()[8:].replace("00", "30")).decode("ascii"))
-    except UnicodeDecodeError or binascii.Error:
+        ascii_tid = str(bytes.fromhex(decoded_tid[8:].replace("00", "30")).decode("ascii"))
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
         pass
     pattern = r"^[a-z0-9!@#$%^&*]{4}$"
     if re.fullmatch(pattern, ascii_tid, re.IGNORECASE):
-        print(f"  Title ID: {ticket.title_id.decode().upper()} ({ascii_tid})")
+        print(f"  Title ID: {decoded_tid.upper()} ({ascii_tid})")
     else:
-        print(f"  Title ID: {ticket.title_id.decode().upper()}")
+        print(f"  Title ID: {decoded_tid.upper()}")
     # This type of version number really only applies to the System Menu and IOS.
-    if ticket.title_id.decode().startswith("00000001"):
-        if ticket.title_id.decode() == "0000000100000001":
+    if decoded_tid.startswith("00000001"):
+        if decoded_tid == "0000000100000001":
             print(f"  Title Version: {ticket.title_version} (boot2v{ticket.title_version})")
         else:
             print(f"  Title Version: {ticket.title_version} "
-                  f"({libWiiPy.title.title_ver_dec_to_standard(ticket.title_version, ticket.title_id.decode())})")
+                  f"({libWiiPy.title.title_ver_dec_to_standard(ticket.title_version, decoded_tid)})")
     else:
         print(f"  Title Version: {ticket.title_version}")
     print(f"  Ticket Version: {ticket.ticket_version}")
@@ -128,8 +134,12 @@ def _print_ticket_info(ticket: libWiiPy.title.Ticket, signing_cert=None):
     elif ticket.signature_issuer.find("XS00000006") != -1:
         print(f"  Certificate: XS00000006 (Development)")
         print(f"  Certificate Issuer: Root-CA00000002 (Development)")
+    elif ticket.signature_issuer.find("XS00000004") != -1:
+        print(f"  Certificate: XS00000004 (Development/Unknown)")
+        print(f"  Certificate Issuer: Root-CA00000002 (Development)")
     else:
         print(f"  Certificate Info: {ticket.signature_issuer} (Unknown)")
+    key = ""
     match ticket.common_key_index:
         case 0:
             if ticket.is_dev:
@@ -147,19 +157,18 @@ def _print_ticket_info(ticket: libWiiPy.title.Ticket, signing_cert=None):
     print(f"  Title Key (Decrypted): {binascii.hexlify(ticket.get_title_key()).decode()}")
     if signing_cert is not None:
         try:
-            signed = libWiiPy.title.verify_ticket_sig(signing_cert, ticket)
-            if signed:
-                signing_str = "Valid (Unmodified)"
+            if libWiiPy.title.verify_ticket_sig(signing_cert, ticket):
+                signing_str = "Valid (Unmodified Ticket)"
             elif ticket.get_is_fakesigned():
                 signing_str = "Fakesigned"
             else:
-                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified)"
+                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified Ticket)"
         except ValueError:
             if ticket.get_is_fakesigned():
                 signing_str = "Fakesigned"
             else:
-                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified)"
-        print(f"  Signing Status: {signing_str}")
+                signing_str = "Invalid (Modified Ticket)"
+        print(f"  Signature: {signing_str}")
     else:
         print(f"  Fakesigned: {ticket.get_is_fakesigned()}")
 
@@ -199,17 +208,22 @@ def _print_wad_info(title: libWiiPy.title.Title):
     tmd_cert = None
     ticket_cert = None
     try:
-        signed = title.get_is_signed()
         tmd_cert = title.cert_chain.tmd_cert
         ticket_cert = title.cert_chain.ticket_cert
-        if signed:
-            signing_str = "Valid (Unmodified)"
+        if title.get_is_signed():
+            signing_str = "Legitimate (Unmodified TMD + Ticket)"
         elif title.get_is_fakesigned():
             signing_str = "Fakesigned"
+        elif (libWiiPy.title.verify_tmd_sig(tmd_cert, title.tmd)
+            and not libWiiPy.title.verify_ticket_sig(ticket_cert, title.ticket)):
+            signing_str = "Piratelegit (Unmodified TMD, Modified Ticket)"
+        elif (not libWiiPy.title.verify_tmd_sig(tmd_cert, title.tmd)
+              and libWiiPy.title.verify_ticket_sig(ticket_cert, title.ticket)):
+            signing_str = "Edited (Modified TMD, Unmodified Ticket)"
         else:
-            signing_str = "Invalid (Modified)"
+            signing_str = "Illegitimate (Modified TMD + Ticket)"
     except ValueError:
-        signing_str = "Invalid (Modified)"
+        signing_str = "Illegitimate (Modified TMD + Ticket)"
     print(f"  Signing Status: {signing_str}")
     print("")
     _print_ticket_info(title.ticket, ticket_cert)

commands/title/nus.py

@@ -8,119 +8,6 @@ import libWiiPy
 from modules.core import fatal_error
 
 
-def handle_nus_title(args):
-    title_version = None
-    wad_file = None
-    output_dir = None
-    can_decrypt = False
-    tid = args.tid
-    if args.wii:
-        wiiu_nus_enabled = False
-    else:
-        wiiu_nus_enabled = True
-
-    # Check if --version was passed, because it'll be None if it wasn't.
-    if args.version is not None:
-        try:
-            title_version = int(args.version)
-        except ValueError:
-            fatal_error("The specified Title Version must be a valid integer!")
-
-    # If --wad was passed, check to make sure the path is okay.
-    if args.wad is not None:
-        wad_file = pathlib.Path(args.wad)
-        if wad_file.suffix != ".wad":
-            wad_file = wad_file.with_suffix(".wad")
-
-    # If --output was passed, make sure the directory either doesn't exist or is empty.
-    if args.output is not None:
-        output_dir = pathlib.Path(args.output)
-        if output_dir.exists():
-            if output_dir.is_file():
-                fatal_error("A file already exists with the provided directory name!")
-        else:
-            output_dir.mkdir()
-
-    # Download the title from the NUS. This is done "manually" (as opposed to using download_title()) so that we can
-    # provide verbose output.
-    title = libWiiPy.title.Title()
-
-    # Announce the title being downloaded, and the version if applicable.
-    if title_version is not None:
-        print(f"Downloading title {tid} v{title_version}, please wait...")
-    else:
-        print(f"Downloading title {tid} vLatest, please wait...")
-    print(" - Downloading and parsing TMD...")
-    # Download a specific TMD version if a version was specified, otherwise just download the latest TMD.
-    if title_version is not None:
-        title.load_tmd(libWiiPy.title.download_tmd(tid, title_version, wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled))
-    else:
-        title.load_tmd(libWiiPy.title.download_tmd(tid, wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled))
-        title_version = title.tmd.title_version
-    # Write out the TMD to a file.
-    if output_dir is not None:
-        output_dir.joinpath(f"tmd.{title_version}").write_bytes(title.tmd.dump())
-
-    # Download the ticket, if we can.
-    print(" - Downloading and parsing Ticket...")
-    try:
-        title.load_ticket(libWiiPy.title.download_ticket(tid, wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled))
-        can_decrypt = True
-        if output_dir is not None:
-            output_dir.joinpath("tik").write_bytes(title.ticket.dump())
-    except ValueError:
-        # If libWiiPy returns an error, then no ticket is available. Log this, and disable options requiring a
-        # ticket so that they aren't attempted later.
-        print("  - No Ticket is available!")
-        if wad_file is not None and output_dir is None:
-            fatal_error("--wad was passed, but this title has no common ticket and cannot be packed into a WAD!")
-
-    # Load the content records from the TMD, and begin iterating over the records.
-    title.load_content_records()
-    content_list = []
-    for content in range(len(title.tmd.content_records)):
-        # Generate the content file name by converting the Content ID to hex and then removing the 0x.
-        content_file_name = hex(title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id)[2:]
-        while len(content_file_name) < 8:
-            content_file_name = "0" + content_file_name
-        print(f" - Downloading content {content + 1} of {len(title.tmd.content_records)} "
-              f"(Content ID: {title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id}, "
-              f"Size: {title.tmd.content_records[content].content_size} bytes)...")
-        content_list.append(libWiiPy.title.download_content(tid, title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id,
-                                                            wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled))
-        print("   - Done!")
-        # If we're supposed to be outputting to a folder, then write these files out.
-        if output_dir is not None:
-            output_dir.joinpath(content_file_name).write_bytes(content_list[content])
-    title.content.content_list = content_list
-
-    # Try to decrypt the contents for this title if a ticket was available.
-    if output_dir is not None:
-        if can_decrypt is True:
-            for content in range(len(title.tmd.content_records)):
-                print(f" - Decrypting content {content + 1} of {len(title.tmd.content_records)} "
-                      f"(Content ID: {title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id})...")
-                dec_content = title.get_content_by_index(content)
-                content_file_name = f"{title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id:08X}".lower() + ".app"
-                output_dir.joinpath(content_file_name).write_bytes(dec_content)
-        else:
-            print("Title has no Ticket, so content will not be decrypted!")
-
-    # If --wad was passed, pack a WAD and output that.
-    if wad_file is not None:
-        # Get the WAD certificate chain.
-        print(" - Building certificate...")
-        title.load_cert_chain(libWiiPy.title.download_cert_chain(wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled))
-        # Ensure that the path ends in .wad, and add that if it doesn't.
-        print("Packing WAD...")
-        if wad_file.suffix != ".wad":
-            wad_file = wad_file.with_suffix(".wad")
-        # Have libWiiPy dump the WAD, and write that data out.
-        pathlib.Path(wad_file).write_bytes(title.dump_wad())
-
-    print(f"Downloaded title with Title ID \"{args.tid}\"!")
-
-
 def handle_nus_content(args):
     tid = args.tid
     cid = args.cid
@@ -157,7 +44,7 @@ def handle_nus_content(args):
     except ValueError:
         fatal_error("The specified Title ID or Content ID could not be found!")
 
-    if decrypt_content is True:
+    if decrypt_content:
         output_path = output_path.with_suffix(".app")
         tmd = libWiiPy.title.TMD()
         tmd.load(libWiiPy.title.download_tmd(tid, version))
@@ -198,6 +85,122 @@ def handle_nus_content(args):
     print(f"Downloaded content with Content ID \"{cid}\"!")
 
 
+def handle_nus_title(args):
+    title_version = None
+    wad_file = None
+    output_dir = None
+    can_decrypt = False
+    tid = args.tid
+    wiiu_nus_enabled = False if args.wii else True
+    endpoint_override = args.endpoint if args.endpoint else None
+
+    # Check if --version was passed, because it'll be None if it wasn't.
+    if args.version is not None:
+        try:
+            title_version = int(args.version)
+        except ValueError:
+            fatal_error("The specified Title Version must be a valid integer!")
+
+    # If --wad was passed, check to make sure the path is okay.
+    if args.wad is not None:
+        wad_file = pathlib.Path(args.wad)
+        if wad_file.suffix != ".wad":
+            wad_file = wad_file.with_suffix(".wad")
+
+    # If --output was passed, make sure the directory either doesn't exist or is empty.
+    if args.output is not None:
+        output_dir = pathlib.Path(args.output)
+        if output_dir.exists():
+            if output_dir.is_file():
+                fatal_error("A file already exists with the provided directory name!")
+        else:
+            output_dir.mkdir()
+
+    # Download the title from the NUS. This is done "manually" (as opposed to using download_title()) so that we can
+    # provide verbose output.
+    title = libWiiPy.title.Title()
+
+    # Announce the title being downloaded, and the version if applicable.
+    if title_version is not None:
+        print(f"Downloading title {tid} v{title_version}, please wait...")
+    else:
+        print(f"Downloading title {tid} vLatest, please wait...")
+    print(" - Downloading and parsing TMD...")
+    # Download a specific TMD version if a version was specified, otherwise just download the latest TMD.
+    if title_version is not None:
+        title.load_tmd(libWiiPy.title.download_tmd(tid, title_version, wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled,
+                                                   endpoint_override=endpoint_override))
+    else:
+        title.load_tmd(libWiiPy.title.download_tmd(tid, wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled,
+                                                   endpoint_override=endpoint_override))
+        title_version = title.tmd.title_version
+    # Write out the TMD to a file.
+    if output_dir is not None:
+        output_dir.joinpath(f"tmd.{title_version}").write_bytes(title.tmd.dump())
+
+    # Download the ticket, if we can.
+    print(" - Downloading and parsing Ticket...")
+    try:
+        title.load_ticket(libWiiPy.title.download_ticket(tid, wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled,
+                                                         endpoint_override=endpoint_override))
+        can_decrypt = True
+        if output_dir is not None:
+            output_dir.joinpath("tik").write_bytes(title.ticket.dump())
+    except ValueError:
+        # If libWiiPy returns an error, then no ticket is available. Log this, and disable options requiring a
+        # ticket so that they aren't attempted later.
+        print("  - No Ticket is available!")
+        if wad_file is not None and output_dir is None:
+            fatal_error("--wad was passed, but this title has no common ticket and cannot be packed into a WAD!")
+
+    # Load the content records from the TMD, and begin iterating over the records.
+    title.load_content_records()
+    content_list = []
+    for content in range(len(title.tmd.content_records)):
+        # Generate the content file name by converting the Content ID to hex and then removing the 0x.
+        content_file_name = hex(title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id)[2:]
+        while len(content_file_name) < 8:
+            content_file_name = "0" + content_file_name
+        print(f" - Downloading content {content + 1} of {len(title.tmd.content_records)} "
+              f"(Content ID: {title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id}, "
+              f"Size: {title.tmd.content_records[content].content_size} bytes)...")
+        content_list.append(libWiiPy.title.download_content(tid, title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id,
+                                                            wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled,
+                                                            endpoint_override=endpoint_override))
+        print("   - Done!")
+        # If we're supposed to be outputting to a folder, then write these files out.
+        if output_dir is not None:
+            output_dir.joinpath(content_file_name).write_bytes(content_list[content])
+    title.content.content_list = content_list
+
+    # Try to decrypt the contents for this title if a ticket was available.
+    if output_dir is not None:
+        if can_decrypt:
+            for content in range(len(title.tmd.content_records)):
+                print(f" - Decrypting content {content + 1} of {len(title.tmd.content_records)} "
+                      f"(Content ID: {title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id})...")
+                dec_content = title.get_content_by_index(content)
+                content_file_name = f"{title.tmd.content_records[content].content_id:08X}".lower() + ".app"
+                output_dir.joinpath(content_file_name).write_bytes(dec_content)
+        else:
+            print("Title has no Ticket, so content will not be decrypted!")
+
+    # If --wad was passed, pack a WAD and output that.
+    if wad_file is not None:
+        # Get the WAD certificate chain.
+        print(" - Building certificate...")
+        title.load_cert_chain(libWiiPy.title.download_cert_chain(wiiu_endpoint=wiiu_nus_enabled,
+                                                                 endpoint_override=endpoint_override))
+        # Ensure that the path ends in .wad, and add that if it doesn't.
+        print("Packing WAD...")
+        if wad_file.suffix != ".wad":
+            wad_file = wad_file.with_suffix(".wad")
+        # Have libWiiPy dump the WAD, and write that data out.
+        pathlib.Path(wad_file).write_bytes(title.dump_wad())
+
+    print(f"Downloaded title with Title ID \"{args.tid}\"!")
+
+
 def handle_nus_tmd(args):
     tid = args.tid
 

commands/title/wad.py

@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ def handle_wad_convert(args):
     else:
         fatal_error("No valid encryption target was specified!")
 
-    output_path = pathlib.Path(args.output)
     if args.output is None:
         match target:
             case "development":
@@ -92,6 +91,8 @@ def handle_wad_convert(args):
                 output_path = pathlib.Path(input_path.stem + "_vWii" + input_path.suffix)
             case _:
                 fatal_error("No valid encryption target was specified!")
+    else:
+        output_path = pathlib.Path(args.output)
 
     if not input_path.exists():
         fatal_error(f"The specified WAD file \"{input_path}\" does not exist!")

wiipy.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from commands.title.nus import *
 from commands.title.tmd import *
 from commands.title.wad import *
 
-wiipy_ver = "1.5.0"
+wiipy_ver = "1.6.0"
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Main argument parser.
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                                                   "accepts a WAD file to read the TID from)")
     emunand_title_parser.add_argument("-s", "--skip-hash", help="skips validating the hashes of decrypted "
                                       "content (install only)", action="store_true")
+    emunand_title_parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true",
+                                      help="show verbose installation/uninstallation details")
 
     # Argument parser for the fakesign subcommand.
     fakesign_parser = subparsers.add_parser("fakesign", help="fakesign a TMD, Ticket, or WAD (trucha bug)",
@@ -186,8 +188,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                                      help="download the title to a folder")
     nus_title_out_group.add_argument("-w", "--wad", metavar="WAD", type=str,
                                      help="pack a wad with the provided name")
-    nus_title_parser.add_argument("--wii", help="use original Wii NUS instead of the Wii U servers",
+    nus_title_parser.add_argument("--wii", help="use the original Wii NUS endpoint instead of the Wii U endpoint",
                                   action="store_true")
+    nus_title_parser.add_argument("-e", "--endpoint", metavar="ENDPOINT", type=str,
+                                  help="use the specified NUS endpoint instead of the official one")
     # Content NUS subcommand.
     nus_content_parser = nus_subparsers.add_parser("content", help="download a specific content from the NUS",
                                                    description="download a specific content from the NUS")